Extending urban stocks and flows analysis to urban greenhouse gas emission accounting: A case of Odense, Denmark

Cities generate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions both in the construction phase of their built environment stocks and durable goods operation with energy material flows. Existing urban GHG accounting methods, however, focus largely on related to flows have rarely considered role stocks. In this article, we extended analysis accounting, using bottom-up high-resolution information for a case Odense, Denmark. We introduced complementary indicator carbon replacement value (CRV) account embodied determined CRV Odense as 10.7 megatons CO2 equivalent (or 53 metric tons per capita) 2017, 13 years Odense's operational emissions. The comparison between across activities facilitates better understanding profile city opportunities decarbonization. Such metabolic based inclusion can help estimate amount be expected from further urbanization developing countries continue increase inform potentials leapfrogging emission reduction.